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航空的空中交通管制(ATC)

作者:Anita 發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2022-04-23 05:50:17

簡(jiǎn)介:】交通管制類似地面的交警,是為了保障空中航行秩序和空域有效利用而存在的。 空中交通管制是負(fù)責(zé)2113與飛行員溝通和維持飛機(jī)間距,確保飛機(jī)不會(huì)因?yàn)樘咏鴮?dǎo)致相撞。而航管員

交通管制類似地面的交警,是為了保障空中航行秩序和空域有效利用而存在的。 空中交通管制是負(fù)責(zé)2113與飛行員溝通和維持飛機(jī)間距,確保飛機(jī)不會(huì)因?yàn)樘咏鴮?dǎo)致相撞。而航管員要得知5261飛機(jī)位置,是要由飛行員提供的,或是在較大型的機(jī)場(chǎng)里的雷達(dá)中看到飛機(jī)位置。 空中交通管制的種類有:
中央管制員和控制臺(tái),負(fù)責(zé)管制機(jī)場(chǎng)范圍內(nèi)的飛機(jī)。
海洋管制員,負(fù)責(zé)管制飛機(jī),大多是國(guó)際航班。4102
終端管制員,負(fù)責(zé)管制機(jī)場(chǎng)范圍外約50-80公里的飛機(jī)。
在儀器飛行中,空中交通管制是十分重要的,因?yàn)轱w行員可能因天氣問題1653而看不到其它飛機(jī)或機(jī)場(chǎng),縱使在較大型的機(jī)場(chǎng)里,飛機(jī)能夠目視飛行版,但飛行員都是需要聽命于管制員,以維持空中秩序。而管制員會(huì)因?yàn)轱w行員的工作量而提供不同情報(bào)去分隔飛機(jī),例如天氣廣播、地形、飛行輔助等資料。然而,管制員是不可能控制所有航班,北美洲所流行的目視飛行是不需要時(shí)時(shí)刻刻留意管制員的命令,而在某些地區(qū)中,例如加拿大北部,因?yàn)闆]有航空交通管制服務(wù),因此該地方是不能夠進(jìn)行低空飛行。權(quán)

航空公司里做簽派的具體是做什么工作

  航空公司每天都要擬訂第二天的航班計(jì)劃,簡(jiǎn)言之,就是安排飛機(jī)飛哪里,用哪架飛機(jī)執(zhí)行航班任務(wù),簽派要綜合機(jī)務(wù)和市場(chǎng)部提供的信息,安排好計(jì)劃,并通過電報(bào)的形式發(fā)送到各地航務(wù)代辦,否則第二天航班無法執(zhí)行。
  每個(gè)航班起飛之前,要拿到計(jì)算機(jī)飛行計(jì)劃,相關(guān)機(jī)場(chǎng)天氣報(bào)告,天氣預(yù)報(bào)圖,高空風(fēng)溫圖,航行通告,航行資料,這些都要簽派來提供。
  飛機(jī)起飛后,要對(duì)飛機(jī)全程進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。飛機(jī)出現(xiàn)的任何不正常情況,簽派都要協(xié)助機(jī)組進(jìn)行處理,保證飛機(jī)安全落地。
  天氣不好,飛機(jī)故障,流量控制等等,只要造成了預(yù)定計(jì)劃不能正常執(zhí)行,簽派就要綜合各保障部門提供的情況,對(duì)航班計(jì)劃進(jìn)行及時(shí)調(diào)整,既要保障公司效益也要盡量減少航班延誤。
  當(dāng)然了,每天下班的前提是公司所有航班都結(jié)束了,第二天計(jì)劃都搞定了才行。所謂下班只是理論上的,半夜有飛機(jī)過來備降,或者有其它情況,還得隨時(shí)上崗,因?yàn)楫吘顾枪纠镂ㄒ灰粋€(gè)24小時(shí)都值班的單位,各單位都是要聽他的指令以后才會(huì)行動(dòng)的。
  基本上就這么多了,歡迎同學(xué)補(bǔ)充。其實(shí)也不復(fù)雜,主要是要決策及時(shí),基本上學(xué)過的東西都能用的上,當(dāng)然每個(gè)決策都是要有充分理由的,否則出了事故就只能自己背了。


  Job deSCRIPTion of the AIRCRAFT DISPATCHER
  The Aircraft Dispatcher is a licensed airman certificated by the Federal Aviation Administration.
  經(jīng)過局方認(rèn)可的持有執(zhí)照的航空人員
  He/She has joint responsibility with the captain for the safety and operational control of flights under his/her guidance.
  和機(jī)長(zhǎng)共同承擔(dān)航班飛行安全和運(yùn)行控制責(zé)任
  He/She authorizes, regulates and controls commercial airline flights according to government and company regulations to expedite and ensure safety of flight.
  依據(jù)局方和公司對(duì)安全的要求,批準(zhǔn)、調(diào)整、控制航空公司航班運(yùn)行
  He/She is also responsible for economics, passenger service and operational control of day to day flight operations.
  對(duì)航班運(yùn)行的控制、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和旅客服務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)
  He/She analyzes and evaluates meteorological inFORMation to determine potential hazards to safety of flight and to select the most desirable and economic route of flight.
  分析評(píng)估氣象資料確定潛在的危險(xiǎn),保證飛行安全,并選擇合適的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛行航線
  He/She computes the amount of fuel required for the safe completion of flight according to type of aircraft, distance of flight, maintenance limitations, weather conditions and minimum fuel requirements prescribed by federal aviation regulations.
  根據(jù)公司燃油政策、機(jī)型、飛行距離、維修限制、天氣條件和最低燃油(局方規(guī)定的),計(jì)算航班所需的安全燃油量
  He/She prepares flight plans containing inFORMation such as maximum allowable takeoff and landing weights, weather reports, field conditions, NOTAMS and many other inFORMational components required for the safe completion of flight.
  收集保證飛行安全的各種信息(最大允許起飛/著陸重量、天氣報(bào)告、機(jī)場(chǎng)情況、航行通告和其他有必要的信息),制定飛行計(jì)劃
  He/She prepares and signs the dispatch release which is the legal document providing authorization for a flight to depart.
  準(zhǔn)備并簽發(fā)簽派放行單
  He/She delays or cancels flights if unsafe conditions threaten the safety of his/her aircraft or passengers.
  當(dāng)有威脅旅客和航班安全的情況時(shí)取消或推遲航班
  He/She monitors weather conditions, aircraft position reports, and aeronautical navigation charts to evaluate the progress of flight.
  持續(xù)監(jiān)控航班運(yùn)行
  He/She updates the pilot in command of significant changes to weather or flight plan and recommends flight plan alternates, such as changing course, altitude and, if required, enroute landings in the interest of safety and economy.
  將影響飛行安全的天氣變化或改航方案通知機(jī)長(zhǎng)
  He/She originates and disseminates flight inFORMation to others in his/her company including stations and reservations. This is the source of inFORMation provided to the traveling public.
  收集、發(fā)布航班運(yùn)行信息
  He/She has undergone extensive training to have earned the coveted Aircraft Dispatchers certificate having taken and passed both an extensive oral examination and he comprehensive Dispatch ADX test, administered by the Federal Aviation Administration. These tests are equivalent to the same Air Transport Pilot (ATP) written and oral examinations that an airline captain must successfully complete.
  必須通過嚴(yán)格的局方****的飛行簽派執(zhí)照考試(包括實(shí)踐考試)
  He/She participates in frequent and detailed recurrent training courses covering aircraft systems, company operations policy, meteorology and Federal Air Regulations as required by the FAA.
  按照局方要求進(jìn)行有關(guān)技能的學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)訓(xùn)。


  HE/SHE HAVE TO DO STH WHICH HIS /HER LEADER WANT TO
  中國(guó)簽派特有:完成領(lǐng)導(dǎo)布置的其他任務(wù)??!

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