【簡(jiǎn)介:】本篇文章給大家談?wù)劇睹篮?91號(hào)》對(duì)應(yīng)的知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望對(duì)各位有所幫助。本文目錄一覽:
1、中國(guó)最大的飛機(jī)是名字
2、美國(guó)航天飛機(jī)的兩次失事事件
3、C191才座不到200人怎么算
本篇文章給大家談?wù)劇睹篮?91號(hào)》對(duì)應(yīng)的知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望對(duì)各位有所幫助。
本文目錄一覽:
- 1、中國(guó)最大的飛機(jī)是名字
- 2、美國(guó)航天飛機(jī)的兩次失事事件
- 3、C191才座不到200人怎么算是大飛機(jī)
- 4、飛機(jī)機(jī)型 191/190 是什么機(jī)型?
中國(guó)最大的飛機(jī)是名字
截止2019年,中國(guó)最大的飛機(jī)是C919。C919大型客機(jī),全稱(chēng)COMACC919,是中國(guó)首款按照最新國(guó)際適航標(biāo)準(zhǔn),具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的干線(xiàn)民用飛機(jī),是由中國(guó)商用飛機(jī)有限責(zé)任公司于2008年開(kāi)始研制的。
C是中國(guó)英文名稱(chēng)“China”的首字母,也是中國(guó)商飛英文縮寫(xiě)COMAC的首字母,第一個(gè)“9”的寓意是天長(zhǎng)地久,“19”代表的是中國(guó)首型大型客機(jī)最大載客量為190座。
擴(kuò)展資料:
具體案例:
本次飛行初步檢查了飛機(jī)起飛、著陸性能與各主要系統(tǒng)、設(shè)備的工作情況。飛行過(guò)程中檢查了飛機(jī)襟翼收放、起落架系統(tǒng)、導(dǎo)航通信系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)以及加減速特性等。
C919大型客機(jī)是中國(guó)按照與國(guó)際接軌的適航標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自主研制的150座級(jí)單通道干線(xiàn)飛機(jī),2008年底完成項(xiàng)目可研論證,2015年11月在上??傃b下線(xiàn)。其中,C919首架機(jī)于2017年5月5日在浦東國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)完成“首飛”,又于2017年11月10日轉(zhuǎn)場(chǎng)陜西閻良。
中國(guó)商飛公司民用飛機(jī)試飛中心102架機(jī)團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人毛為說(shuō),C919第二架客機(jī)自11月23日轉(zhuǎn)入試飛階段以來(lái),先后開(kāi)展低速滑行試驗(yàn)、中速滑行試驗(yàn)等,達(dá)到“首飛”條件。相比于首架機(jī)的“首飛“,今日無(wú)論是從飛行高度、飛行速度及任務(wù)點(diǎn)數(shù)量都有明顯提升。
中國(guó)商飛公司民用飛機(jī)試飛中心總工程師王偉介紹,根據(jù)C919大型客機(jī)項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃,共將投入6架試飛飛機(jī)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)試飛,2架飛機(jī)進(jìn)行地面試驗(yàn)。6架試飛飛機(jī)需要完成1000多項(xiàng)符合性驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),2架地面試驗(yàn)飛機(jī)需要進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)集成試驗(yàn)、全機(jī)靜力試驗(yàn)和疲勞試驗(yàn)等。
中國(guó)商飛公司C919大型客機(jī)項(xiàng)目總經(jīng)理吳躍表示,未來(lái)幾年,商飛將聯(lián)合中國(guó)航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)等機(jī)構(gòu),以山東東營(yíng)與陜西閻良兩大試飛基地為主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng),在全國(guó)多地機(jī)場(chǎng)展開(kāi)密集試飛。
這將是中國(guó)首次對(duì)150座級(jí)的干線(xiàn)飛機(jī)進(jìn)行適航驗(yàn)證,C919大型客機(jī)也將接受中國(guó)航空工業(yè)領(lǐng)域等級(jí)最高的試飛驗(yàn)證考驗(yàn)。
參考資料來(lái)源:鳳凰網(wǎng)-中國(guó)國(guó)產(chǎn)大飛機(jī)C919第二架客機(jī)成功“首飛”
參考資料來(lái)源:百度百科-C919客機(jī)
美國(guó)航天飛機(jī)的兩次失事事件
Spaceflight fatalities
The history of space exploration has been marred by a number of tragedies that resulted in the deaths of the astronauts or ground crew. As of 2007, in-flight accidents have killed 18 astronauts, training accidents have claimed 11 astronauts, and launchpad accidents have killed at least 71 ground personnel.[dated info]
About two percent of the manned launch/reentry attempts have killed their crew, with Soyuz and the Shuttle having almost the same death percentage rates. Except for the X-15 (which is a suborbital rocket plane), other launchers have not launched sufficiently often for reasonable safety comparisons to be made.
About five percent of the people that have been launched have died doing so (because astronauts often launch more than once). As of November 2004, 439 individuals have flown on spaceflights: Russia/Soviet Union (96), USA (277), others (66).[citation needed] Twenty-two have died while in a spacecraft: three on Apollo 1, one on Soyuz 1, one on X-15-3, three on Soyuz 11, seven on Challenger, and seven on Columbia. By space program, 18 NASA astronauts (4.1%) and four Russian cosmonauts (0.9% of all the people launched) died while in a spacecraft.[dated info]
In total, Shuttle accidents have claimed the lives of fourteen.
Soyuz accidents have claimed the lives of four. No deaths have occurred on Soyuz missions since 1971, and none with the current design of the Soyuz. Including the early Soyuz design, the average deaths per launched crew member on Soyuz are currently under two percent. However, there have also been several serious injuries, and some other incidents in which crews nearly died.
NASA astronauts who have lost their lives in the line of duty are memorialized at the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Merritt Island, Florida. Cosmonauts who have died in the line of duty under the auspices of the Soviet Union were generally honored by burial at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in Moscow. It is unknown whether this remains tradition for Russia, since the Kremlin Wall Necropolis was largely a Communist honor and no cosmonauts have died in action since the Soviet Union fell.
There have been four fatal in-flight accidents on missions which were considered spaceflights under the internationally accepted definition of the term, plus one on the ground during rehearsal of a planned flight. In each case all crew were killed. To date, there has never been an incident where an individual member of a multi-member crew has died during (or while rehearsing) a mission.
1967 April 24: parachute failure: Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov died on board Soyuz 1. His one-day mission had been plagued by a series of mishaps with the new type of spacecraft, which culminated in the capsule's parachute not opening properly after atmospheric reentry. Komarov was killed when the capsule hit the ground.
1971 June 30: crew exposed to vacuum of space: The crew of Soyuz 11, Georgi Dobrovolski, Viktor Patsayev and Vladislav Volkov, were killed after undocking from space station Salyut 1 after a three-week stay. A valve on their spacecraft had accidentally opened when the service module separated, which was only discovered when the module was opened by the recovery team. Technically the only fatalities in space (above 100 km).
1986 January 28: structural failure after lift-off: The first U.S. multiple in-flight fatalities. The Space Shuttle Challenger was destroyed 73 seconds after lift-off on STS-51-L. Analysis of the accident showed that a faulty O-ring seal had allowed hot gases from the shuttle solid rocket booster (SRB) to weaken the external propellant tank, and also the strut that held the booster to the tank. The tank aft region failed, causing it to begin disintegrating. The SRB strut also failed, causing the SRB to rotate inward and expedite tank breakup. Challenger was thrown sideways into the Mach 1.8 windstream causing it to break up in midair with the loss of all seven crew members aboard: Greg Jarvis, Christa McAuliffe, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Judith Resnik, Michael J. Smith, and Dick Scobee. NASA investigators determined they may have survived during the spacecraft disintegration, while possibly unconscious from hypoxia; at least some of them tried to protect themselves by activating their emergency oxygen. Any survivors of the breakup were killed, however, when the largely intact cockpit hit the water at 200 mph (320 km/h). See Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
2003 February 1: structural failure during re-entry: The Space Shuttle Columbia was lost as it reentered after a two-week mission, STS-107. Damage to the shuttle's thermal protection system (TPS) led to structural failure in the shuttle's left wing and, ultimately, the spacecraft broke apart. Investigations after the tragedy revealed the damage to the reinforced carbon-carbon leading edge wing panel had resulted from a piece of insulation foam breaking away from the external tank during the launch and hitting shuttle's wing. Rick D. Husband, William McCool, Michael P. Anderson, David M. Brown, Kalpana Chawla, Laurel B. Clark, and Ilan Ramon were killed. See Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
There has also been a single accident on a flight which was considered a spaceflight by those involved in conducting it, but not under the internationally accepted definition:
1967 November 15: control failure: Michael J. Adams died while piloting a North American X-15 rocket plane. Major Adams was a U.S. Air Force pilot in the NASA/USAF X-15 program. During X-15 Flight 191, his seventh flight, the plane first had an electrical problem and then developed control problems at the apogee of its flight. The pilot may also have become disoriented. During reentry from a 266,000 ft (50.4 mile, 81.1 km) apogee, the X-15 yawed sideways out of control and went into a spin at a speed of Mach 5, from which the pilot never recovered. Excessive acceleration led to the X-15 breaking up in flight at about 65,000 feet (19.8 km))[1]. Adams was posthumously awarded astronaut wings as his flight had passed an altitude of 50 miles (80.5 km) (the U.S. definition of space).
在太空探索的歷史,并導(dǎo)致其中一個(gè)悲劇,在航天員或地面人員造成的死亡人數(shù)。截至2007年,在飛行中意外死亡18宇航員,訓(xùn)練事故已造成11個(gè)宇航員,并啟動(dòng)事故已造成至少71名地勤人員。日消息] [
約百分之二的載人發(fā)射/再入企圖殺死他們的船員和聯(lián)盟號(hào)航天飛機(jī)與具有幾乎相同的死亡百分比率。除了在X - 15(這是一個(gè)亞軌道火箭飛機(jī)),其他發(fā)射器沒(méi)有足夠的啟動(dòng)往往比較合理的安全需要作出。
約5個(gè)已發(fā)起民眾死亡這樣做(因?yàn)橛詈絾T經(jīng)常開(kāi)展一次以上)。截至2004年11月,439人已經(jīng)出動(dòng)了上太空飛行:俄羅斯/前蘇聯(lián)(96),美國(guó)(277),其他(66)。[編輯] 22人死亡,而在航天器:在阿波羅1號(hào),1 3在聯(lián)盟1號(hào),在X - 15 - 3,聯(lián)盟11號(hào)3,對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)者七個(gè),七宗在哥倫比亞。由太空計(jì)劃,美國(guó)航天局宇航員18(4.1%)和4(0.9%的人所有的發(fā)射)死亡時(shí),在航天器。[日消息]俄羅斯宇航員
整體而言,航天飛機(jī)事故已造成14死亡。
聯(lián)盟事故已造成4的生命。無(wú)死亡病例發(fā)生在聯(lián)盟特派團(tuán)自1971年以來(lái),與該聯(lián)盟目前的設(shè)計(jì)沒(méi)有。包括早期聯(lián)盟的設(shè)計(jì),每推出機(jī)組人員對(duì)聯(lián)盟目前正在死亡的平均百分之二。不過(guò),也有過(guò)幾次嚴(yán)重受傷,其中一些接近死亡船員的其他事件。
美國(guó)宇航局誰(shuí)失去了在執(zhí)行公務(wù)而捐軀的宇航員是在太空鏡上奏紀(jì)念在肯尼迪航天中心參觀(guān)的梅里特島,佛羅里達(dá)情結(jié)。誰(shuí)在執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)死在蘇聯(lián)的支持下宇航員一般榮幸葬在克里姆林宮墻墓地在莫斯科舉行。目前還不清楚這是否仍然對(duì)俄羅斯的傳統(tǒng),因?yàn)榭死锬妨謱m墻墓地,主要是一個(gè)榮譽(yù),沒(méi)有共產(chǎn)黨的宇航員在行動(dòng)中死亡,因?yàn)樘K聯(lián)下跌。
目前已有4人死亡上審議航天飛行術(shù)語(yǔ)下,國(guó)際公認(rèn)的定義,以及在有計(jì)劃的飛行排練地上一任務(wù)的飛行事故。在每一種情況下,所有船員被打死。迄今為止,從來(lái)沒(méi)有一個(gè)地方是一個(gè)多機(jī)組成員個(gè)別成員死亡時(shí)(或在排練)特派團(tuán)的事件。
1967年4月24日:降落傘失敗:前蘇聯(lián)宇航員弗拉基米爾科馬羅夫死亡船上聯(lián)盟1。他1天的任務(wù)已經(jīng)困擾了事故的航天器,它在太空艙的降落傘最終再入大氣層后,不能正確打開(kāi)新類(lèi)型系列??岂R洛夫被打死時(shí),膠囊撞到地面。
1971年6月30日:暴露于真空宇航員:該聯(lián)盟11號(hào),格奧爾基Dobrovolski,尤Patsayev和弗拉季沃爾科夫船員被殺害后,從空間站禮炮1號(hào)脫開(kāi)后三個(gè)星期的逗留。關(guān)于他們的航天器閥門(mén)不小心打開(kāi)時(shí),服務(wù)艙分離,這是該模塊時(shí),才發(fā)現(xiàn)是由回收隊(duì)打開(kāi)。在空間技術(shù)上的唯一死亡人數(shù)超過(guò)100公里()。
1986年1月28日:結(jié)構(gòu)失敗后剝離:一是美國(guó)的多個(gè)飛行中死亡。挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)被摧毀73秒后剝離在STS - 51 - L的。事故分析表明,一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的O形圈密封曾允許從航天飛機(jī)固體火箭助推器(SRB)之熱氣體削弱外部推進(jìn)劑貯箱,也是支撐這舉行的助推器的坦克。坦克尾部區(qū)域的失敗,導(dǎo)致它開(kāi)始瓦解。國(guó)家儲(chǔ)備局支撐也沒(méi)有,造成儲(chǔ)備局向內(nèi)旋轉(zhuǎn)坦克和加速解體。挑戰(zhàn)者將被拋出側(cè)身1.8馬赫導(dǎo)致它在空中打破了同船上7名船員全部損失:格雷格賈維斯,克麗斯塔麥考利夫,羅納德捷,埃利森鬼冢,朱迪思雷斯尼克,邁克爾J ·史密斯,迪克斯科比Windstream的。美國(guó)宇航局的研究人員確定他們可能在飛船解體存活,而可能是由缺氧昏迷,至少其中一些試圖保護(hù)他們的緊急氧氣通過(guò)激活自己。任何生還者的解體被打死,但是,當(dāng)大部分完好無(wú)損駕駛艙打擊200英里每小時(shí)(320公里/小時(shí))的水。見(jiàn)挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)災(zāi)難。
2003年2月1日:結(jié)構(gòu)故障在重返大氣層:哥倫比亞號(hào)航天飛機(jī)失去了,因?yàn)樗?jīng)過(guò)兩個(gè)星期的使命重返,執(zhí)行STS - 107。損壞航天飛機(jī)的熱防護(hù)系統(tǒng)(TPS)的失敗導(dǎo)致了結(jié)構(gòu)性航天飛機(jī)的左翼,最終,飛船解體。慘劇發(fā)生后的調(diào)查揭示了在鋼筋混凝土中碳碳機(jī)翼前緣面板的損害已經(jīng)造成破壞的絕緣距離從外部燃料箱在發(fā)射過(guò)程中一塊泡沫材料擊中航天飛機(jī)的機(jī)翼。里克四丈夫,威廉麥庫(kù)爾,邁克爾P.安德森,大衛(wèi)布朗,研究員Kalpana Chawla的,乙勞雷爾克拉克,和宜蘭拉蒙被殺害。見(jiàn)哥倫比亞號(hào)航天飛機(jī)災(zāi)難。
同時(shí)也出現(xiàn)了一對(duì)被認(rèn)為是由那些參與開(kāi)展航天飛行單一事故,但不屬于國(guó)際公認(rèn)的定義:
1967年11月15日:控制失?。哼~克爾J.亞當(dāng)斯去世時(shí)駕駛一北美國(guó)X - 15火箭飛機(jī)。亞當(dāng)斯是美國(guó)主要的空軍在美國(guó)航天局/美國(guó)空軍X - 15的試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃。在X - 15的飛行191,他的第七次飛行,這架飛機(jī)第一次有一個(gè)電子故障,繼而在其飛行遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn)控制問(wèn)題。該試驗(yàn)還可能迷失方向。在從二六六零零零英尺(50.4英里,81.1公里)遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn)再入中,X - 15 yawed側(cè)身失控,變成了一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)的馬赫5,從這些試驗(yàn)沒(méi)有恢復(fù)的速度。導(dǎo)致過(guò)度加速的X - 15在飛行中打破了約65,000英尺(19.8公里))[1]。亞當(dāng)斯被追授為他的翅膀飛行宇航員已經(jīng)通過(guò)了50英里(80.5公里)(美國(guó)定義的空間)的高度。
C191才座不到200人怎么算是大飛機(jī)
因?yàn)镃919在條件上已經(jīng)完全符合了大飛機(jī)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。從座席上來(lái)說(shuō),根據(jù)國(guó)際通用的專(zhuān)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),飛機(jī)的座席超過(guò)150座就屬于大飛機(jī),C919的座席為168座,是“不折不扣”的大飛機(jī)。
其次,從航程上來(lái)說(shuō),C919的航程共有5555公里,基本可以覆蓋國(guó)內(nèi)的主要二線(xiàn)城市,所以其飛行的覆蓋面也非?!按蟆?。“C919使用了大量先進(jìn)材料,在滿(mǎn)足強(qiáng)度、剛度等前提下,減輕了不少重量。據(jù)估算,飛機(jī)每降低1%的結(jié)構(gòu)重量,航空公司每年就可以節(jié)省十幾萬(wàn),甚至幾十萬(wàn)的燃油花費(fèi),因此C919節(jié)省的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)也很“大”。
擴(kuò)展資料:
C919的優(yōu)點(diǎn):
1、采用先進(jìn)氣動(dòng)布局和新一代超臨界機(jī)翼等先進(jìn)氣動(dòng)力設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù),達(dá)到比現(xiàn)役同類(lèi)飛機(jī)更好的巡航氣動(dòng)效率,并與十年后市場(chǎng)中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)具有相當(dāng)?shù)难埠綒鈩?dòng)效率;
2、采用先進(jìn)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以降低油耗、噪聲和排放;
3、采用先進(jìn)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)和較大比例的先進(jìn)金屬材料和復(fù)合材料,減輕飛機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)重量;
4、采用先進(jìn)的電傳操縱和主動(dòng)控制技術(shù),提高飛機(jī)綜合性能,改善人為因素和舒適性;
5、采用先進(jìn)的綜合航電技術(shù),減輕飛行員負(fù)擔(dān)、提高導(dǎo)航性能、改善人機(jī)界面;
6、采用先進(jìn)客艙綜合設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù),提高客艙舒適性;
7、采用先進(jìn)的維修理論、技術(shù)和方法,降低維修成本。
參考資料來(lái)源:人民網(wǎng)——國(guó)產(chǎn)大飛機(jī)C919沖向藍(lán)天 告訴你何謂“國(guó)之重器”
飛機(jī)機(jī)型 191/190 是什么機(jī)型?
是巴西航空工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的ERJ系列飛機(jī),是一種能坐100人左右的支線(xiàn)飛機(jī)。
ERJ系列飛機(jī)從2004年開(kāi)始使用,到目前為止唯一一次有人員傷亡的事故就是河南航空伊春空難。
這個(gè)系列的機(jī)型(包括ERJ170/175/190/195)一共生產(chǎn)了660架,天津航空現(xiàn)有26架ERJ190在運(yùn)營(yíng),另外還有24架訂單,是ERJ系列比較大的客戶(hù)。
關(guān)于《美航191號(hào)》的介紹到此就結(jié)束了。